Lactococcus lactis, a species of lactic acid bacteria best known for its use in the dairy industry to produce fermented dairy products, now has a variety of applications in areas outside of food, including cancer biology and biotechnology. This slideshow, presented to my honors microbiology class during the Spring 2025 semester, explores the diverse modern applications of Lactococcus lactis, using presentational skills to provide detailed examples of each application, expanding the audience’s knowledge of the numerous uses of an organism once known solely for its fermentation capabilities within the dairy industry.
The definition of a science has changed drastically over time, with several disciplines considered sciences today, such as quantum mechanics, once being labelled as pseudosciences. With the rise of questionable scientific fields such as astrology, the definition a science must be established to distinguish between sciences and pseudosciences. This essay, written for my honors rhetoric and civic life course during the Fall 2024 semester, analyzes the evolution of the definition of a science over time, beginning with Aristotle and ending with modern views. Along the way, examples of how modern sciences would fit into previous definitions enhance the audience's understanding of the differences in definitions. This paper strives to form a new definition of science stemming from numerous interpretations past and present that properly distinguishes between scientific and pseudoscientific fields, as we know them today.